Electricity-market glossary.

Wholesale segment where participants submit hourly buy/sell bids for the next day. Results published by the Market Operator (OREE) around 14:00 Kyiv time.

Continuous trading during the operational day (after DAM clears). Lets participants adjust positions based on updated forecasts or actual demand/generation.

Real-time segment where the System Operator (Ukrenergo) buys/sells balancing services. Imbalance prices (positive/negative) apply to deviations between scheduled and actual delivery.

Long-term (month/quarter/year) bilateral contracts between participants. UEEX publishes BASE/PEAK/OFF-PEAK indexes as price reference.

SE "Market Operator" — operates DAM and IDM in Ukraine. Publishes hourly prices and indexes. Site: oree.com.ua.

→ API /api/oree/*

Exchange for long-term bilateral contracts and public BCM indexes. Publishes BASE/PEAK/OFF-PEAK as reference.

→ ueex.com.ua

Trading venues for submitting DAM (XMtrade) and IDM (PXS) bids. Alvo does NOT submit bids — the trader copies the recommended plan into their venue manually.

National Power Company "Ukrenergo" — electricity transmission system operator in Ukraine. Responsible for the balancing market and physical grid stability.

National Commission for State Regulation of Energy and Public Utilities (Ukraine). Issues DAM/IDM rules, licenses, tariffs.

Investigates anti-competitive actions on the electricity market, including suspected market manipulation (bid coordination, insider trading).

European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators. Coordinates REMIT enforcement across the EU; Ukraine currently runs through NEURC/ECRB until full market-coupling integration, not ACER central collection.

EU Regulation on wholesale Energy Market Integrity and Transparency. Ukraine runs a REMIT-style regime since 2023 (NEURC/ECRB); Law №4834-IX of 7 Apr 2026 is the market-coupling legal frame, not an SDAC go-live date.

Hourly physical electricity flows between adjacent bidding zones (e.g. UA↔PL). Alvo renders this as the "EU Coupling" card on /app.

→ API /api/coupling/flows

Hourly day-ahead prices per bidding zone (the ENTSO-E A44 standard) — exchange-owned, so Alvo uses them only internally to derive the UA↔EU basis and displays neighbour prices only for CC-BY-licensed zones (PL/HU/RO/DE-LU) via Energy-Charts.

→ API /api/multi-zone/prices

Hourly total load for a bidding zone. Realised (post-fact, A16 processType) or day-ahead forecast (A01). UA TSO does not publish A65 yet — fixture.

Hourly generation split by type (nuclear, thermal, wind, solar, hydro). Alvo aggregates into the mix on the "UA power system" card. UA TSO does not publish A75 yet — fixture.

Balancing-market imbalance prices (positive and negative). Through /balancing/prices, Alvo prefers Ukrenergo settled imbalance prices via Energy Map and uses ENTSO-E A85 as the fallback source: observed points are Live, only the fixture is Demo. Reserve-auction FCR/aFRR/mFRR prices remain a separate fixture-bound surface.

Energy Identification Code — standard identifier for a bidding zone or control area in ENTSO-E. UA: 10Y1001C--000182. PL: 10YPL-AREA-----S.

Megawatt — instantaneous power (1 MW = 1,000 kW). In flow context: "how much electricity is moving right now".

Megawatt-hour — energy delivered/consumed in one hour at 1 MW. Standard billing unit on wholesale markets.

Ukrainian hryvnia per MWh — standard quote currency on DAM/IDM/BM. EU bidding zones use EUR/MWh.

Forecast-accuracy metric against the seasonal-naive benchmark. rMAE < 1 = model beats naive; rMAE = 0.91 means a 9% improvement.

Battery-based energy storage that lets you buy cheap energy overnight and sell expensive energy in the evening. Alvo plans charge/discharge cycles accounting for efficiency, degradation, and cycle budget.

Difference between buy and sell prices in distinct hours of the day. Alvo recommends trading only when the spread exceeds a minimum threshold (default 250 UAH/MWh) after fees.

Localized deterministic explanation for the trader: market context, reasons behind recommendations, risks. Ukrainian or English. Pro feature — not available in demo.

Pre-trader-approval checks: sufficient data coverage, no anomalies, valid BESS cycles, human approval for critical actions.

Probabilistic hourly p10/p50/p90 band for the next day from the LEAR (Lasso-Estimated AR) model. Pro feature before OREE day-ahead clears; after clearing, becomes the public price.

Isolated customer workspace (typically a company or sole proprietor). All data is isolated per-tenant: strategy profiles, audit events, API keys, billing. WorkOS organization → Alvo tenant 1:1.